function menu_get_item($path = NULL, $router_item = NULL) {
  $router_items = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__);
  if (!isset($path)) {
    $path = $_GET['q'];
  }
    var_dump($router_items);
  if (isset($router_item)) {
    $router_items[$path] = $router_item;
  }
  if (!isset($router_items[$path])) {
    // Rebuild if we know it's needed, or if the menu masks are missing which
    // occurs rarely, likely due to a race condition of multiple rebuilds.
    if (variable_get('menu_rebuild_needed', FALSE) || !variable_get('menu_masks', array())) {
      if (_menu_check_rebuild()) {
        menu_rebuild();
      }
    }
    $original_map = arg(NULL, $path);

    $parts = array_slice($original_map, 0, MENU_MAX_PARTS);
    $ancestors = menu_get_ancestors($parts);
    $router_item = db_query_range('SELECT * FROM {menu_router} WHERE path IN (:ancestors) ORDER BY fit DESC', 0, 1, array(':ancestors' => $ancestors))->fetchAssoc();

    if ($router_item) {
      // Allow modules to alter the router item before it is translated and
      // checked for access.
      drupal_alter('menu_get_item', $router_item, $path, $original_map);

      $map = _menu_translate($router_item, $original_map);
      $router_item['original_map'] = $original_map;
      if ($map === FALSE) {
        $router_items[$path] = FALSE;
        return FALSE;
      }

0 = file/ajax/name/#default_value/form-xxxx
1 = file/ajax/name/#default_value/%
2 = file/ajax/name/%/form-xxxxx
3 = file/ajax/name/%/%
4 = file/ajax/%/%/%
5 = file/%/name/%/form-xxxxx
....
12 = file/%/name
13 = file/ajax
14 = file/%
15 = file

function file_ajax_upload() {
  $form_parents = func_get_args();
  $form_build_id = (string) array_pop($form_parents);

  if (empty($_POST['form_build_id']) || $form_build_id != $_POST['form_build_id']) {
      ...
  }

  list($form, $form_state, $form_id, $form_build_id, $commands) = ajax_get_form();

  if (!$form) {
      ...
  }

  // Get the current element and count the number of files.
  $current_element = $form;
  foreach ($form_parents as $parent) {
    $current_element = $current_element[$parent];
  }
  $current_file_count = isset($current_element['#file_upload_delta']) ? $current_element['#file_upload_delta'] : 0;

  // Process user input. $form and $form_state are modified in the process.
  drupal_process_form($form['#form_id'], $form, $form_state);

  // Retrieve the element to be rendered.
  foreach ($form_parents as $parent) {
    $form = $form[$parent];
  }

  // Add the special Ajax class if a new file was added.
  if (isset($form['#file_upload_delta']) && $current_file_count < $form['#file_upload_delta']) {
    $form[$current_file_count]['#attributes']['class'][] = 'ajax-new-content';
  }
  // Otherwise just add the new content class on a placeholder.
  else {
    $form['#suffix'] .= '<span class="ajax-new-content"></span>';
  }

  $form['#prefix'] .= theme('status_messages');
  $output = drupal_render($form);

    if (($form_state['rebuild'] || !$form_state['executed']) && !form_get_errors()) {
      // Form building functions (e.g., _form_builder_handle_input_element())
      // may use $form_state['rebuild'] to determine if they are running in the
      // context of a rebuild, so ensure it is set.
      $form_state['rebuild'] = TRUE;
      $form = drupal_rebuild_form($form_id, $form_state, $form);
    }

function drupal_rebuild_form($form_id, &$form_state, $old_form = NULL) {
  $form = drupal_retrieve_form($form_id, $form_state);
  ....
  if (empty($form_state['no_cache'])) {
    form_set_cache($form['#build_id'], $form, $form_state);
  }

function form_set_error($name = NULL, $message = '', $limit_validation_errors = NULL) {
  $form = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__, array());
  $sections = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__ . ':limit_validation_errors');
  if (isset($limit_validation_errors)) {
    $sections = $limit_validation_errors;
  }

  if (isset($name) && !isset($form[$name])) {
    $record = TRUE;
    if (isset($sections)) {
      // #limit_validation_errors is an array of "sections" within which user
      // input must be valid. If the element is within one of these sections,
      // the error must be recorded. Otherwise, it can be suppressed.
      // #limit_validation_errors can be an empty array, in which case all
      // errors are suppressed. For example, a "Previous" button might want its
      // submit action to be triggered even if none of the submitted values are
      // valid.
      $record = FALSE;
      foreach ($sections as $section) {
        // Exploding by '][' reconstructs the element's #parents. If the
        // reconstructed #parents begin with the same keys as the specified
        // section, then the element's values are within the part of
        // $form_state['values'] that the clicked button requires to be valid,
        // so errors for this element must be recorded. As the exploded array
        // will all be strings, we need to cast every value of the section
        // array to string.
        if (array_slice(explode('][', $name), 0, count($section)) === array_map('strval', $section)) {
          $record = TRUE;
          break;
        }
      }
    }
    if ($record) {
      $form[$name] = $message;
      if ($message) {
        drupal_set_message($message, 'error');
      }
    }
  }

  return $form;
}

if (isset($form_state['triggering_element']['#limit_validation_errors']) && ($form_state['triggering_element']['#limit_validation_errors'] !== FALSE) && !($form_state['submitted'] && !isset($form_state['triggering_element']['#submit']))) {
  form_set_error(NULL, '', $form_state['triggering_element']['#limit_validation_errors']);
}
// If submit handlers won't run (due to the submission having been triggered
// by an element whose #executes_submit_callback property isn't TRUE), then
// it's safe to suppress all validation errors, and we do so by default,
// which is particularly useful during an Ajax submission triggered by a
// non-button. An element can override this default by setting the
// #limit_validation_errors property. For button element types,
// #limit_validation_errors defaults to FALSE (via system_element_info()),
// so that full validation is their default behavior.
elseif (isset($form_state['triggering_element']) && !isset($form_state['triggering_element']['#limit_validation_errors']) && !$form_state['submitted']) {
  form_set_error(NULL, '', array());
}
// As an extra security measure, explicitly turn off error suppression if
// one of the above conditions wasn't met. Since this is also done at the
// end of this function, doing it here is only to handle the rare edge case
// where a validate handler invokes form processing of another form.
else {
    //form_set_error(NULL, '', array()); // set _triggering_element_name
    drupal_static_reset('form_set_error:limit_validation_errors');
}

(isset($form_state['triggering_element']) && !isset($form_state['triggering_element']['#limit_validation_errors']) && !$form_state['submitted']

form_set_error(NULL, '', array());

    // 如果没设置 triggering_element，那么将 triggering_element 设置为 form 的第一个 button
    if (!$form_state['programmed'] && !isset($form_state['triggering_element']) && !empty($form_state['buttons'])) {
      $form_state['triggering_element'] = $form_state['buttons'][0];
    }

    // If the triggering element specifies "button-level" validation and submit
    // handlers to run instead of the default form-level ones, then add those to
    // the form state.
    foreach (array('validate', 'submit') as $type) {
      if (isset($form_state['triggering_element']['#' . $type])) {
        $form_state[$type . '_handlers'] = $form_state['triggering_element']['#' . $type];
      }
    }

    // If the triggering element executes submit handlers, then set the form
    // state key that's needed for those handlers to run.
    if (!empty($form_state['triggering_element']['#executes_submit_callback'])) {
      #################################################
      $form_state['submitted'] = TRUE; // <--- こ↑こ↓
      #################################################
    }

  // Determine which element (if any) triggered the submission of the form and
  // keep track of all the clickable buttons in the form for
  // form_state_values_clean(). Enforce the same input processing restrictions
  // as above.
  if ($process_input) {
          // Detect if the element triggered the submission via Ajax.
          if (_form_element_triggered_scripted_submission($element, $form_state)) {
              $form_state['triggering_element'] = $element;
          }

    // If the form was submitted by the browser rather than via Ajax, then it
    // can only have been triggered by a button, and we need to determine which
    // button within the constraints of how browsers provide this information.
    if (isset($element['#button_type'])) {
      // All buttons in the form need to be tracked for
      // form_state_values_clean() and for the form_builder() code that handles
      // a form submission containing no button information in $_POST.
      $form_state['buttons'][] = $element;
      if (_form_button_was_clicked($element, $form_state)) {
        $form_state['triggering_element'] = $element;
      }
    }
  }

/**
 * Detects if an element triggered the form submission via Ajax.
 *
 * This detects button or non-button controls that trigger a form submission via
 * Ajax or some other scriptable environment. These environments can set the
 * special input key '_triggering_element_name' to identify the triggering
 * element. If the name alone doesn't identify the element uniquely, the input
 * key '_triggering_element_value' may also be set to require a match on element
 * value. An example where this is needed is if there are several buttons all
 * named 'op', and only differing in their value.
 */
function _form_element_triggered_scripted_submission($element, &$form_state) {
  if (!empty($form_state['input']['_triggering_element_name']) && $element['#name'] == $form_state['input']['_triggering_element_name']) {
    if (empty($form_state['input']['_triggering_element_value']) || $form_state['input']['_triggering_element_value'] == $element['#value']) {
      return TRUE;
    }
  }
  return FALSE;
}

form_set_error(NULL, '', array());

function user_pass() {
  global $user;

  $form['name'] = array(
    '#type' => 'textfield',
    '#title' => t('Username or e-mail address'),
    '#size' => 60,
    '#maxlength' => max(USERNAME_MAX_LENGTH, EMAIL_MAX_LENGTH),
    '#required' => TRUE,
    '#default_value' => isset($_GET['name']) ? $_GET['name'] : '',
  );
  // Allow logged in users to request this also.
  if ($user->uid > 0) {
    $form['name']['#type'] = 'value';
    $form['name']['#value'] = $user->mail;
    $form['mail'] = array(
      '#prefix' => '<p>',
      // As of https://www.drupal.org/node/889772 the user no longer must log
      // out (if they are still logged in when using the password reset link,
      // they will be logged out automatically then), but this text is kept as
      // is to avoid breaking translations as well as to encourage the user to
      // log out manually at a time of their own choosing (when it will not
      // interrupt anything else they may have been in the middle of doing).
      '#markup' =>  t('Password reset instructions will be mailed to %email. You must log out to use the password reset link in the e-mail.', array('%email' => $user->mail)),
      '#suffix' => '</p>',
    );
  }
  $form['actions'] = array('#type' => 'actions');
  $form['actions']['submit'] = array('#type' => 'submit', '#value' => t('E-mail new password'));

  return $form;
}