导语：“未知攻，焉知防”，攻防对抗本身是一个持续的过程，在具体的对抗中，对对手了解越多就会占据主导地位。
前言
红蓝对抗的思想最早可追溯到我国现存最早的一部兵书《孙子兵法》，在孙子·谋攻篇有这么一句话：“知彼知己，百战不殆；”，意为如果对敌我双方的情况都能了解透彻，打多少次仗都不会失败。在信息安全领域目前大家都有一个共识：“未知攻，焉知防”，攻防对抗本身是一个持续的过程，在具体的对抗中，对对手了解越多就会占据主导地位。
红蓝对抗的主要目的在于，提高公司安全成熟度及其检测和响应攻击的能力。
Red Teams attack, and Blue Teams defend, but the primary goal is shared between them: improve the security posture of the organization.
0. 准备工作
1 ) 组织结构图
2 ) 全网拓扑图
3 ) 各系统逻辑结构图
4 ) 各系统之间的调用关系
5 ) 数据流关系
6 ) 核心资产清单
7 ) 应急响应计划
8 ) 业务连续性计划
9 ) 灾难恢复计划
1. 简单安全评估
1.1 ) 端口扫描和漏洞检测
主机发现（Ping探测）：
nmap -sn -PE IP地址或地址段
端口扫描：
nmap –open IP地址或地址段
服务版本检测：
nmap -sV IP地址或地址段
扫描多个端口：
nmap -p 80,443 IP地址或地址段
UDP扫描：
nmap -sU -p 53 IP地址或地址段
TCP/UDP扫描（-Pn 跳过主机发现）：
nmap -v -Pn -SU -ST -p U:53,111,137,T:21-25,80,139,8080 IP地址或地址段
Nessus扫描：
nessus -q -x -T html 服务器IP 服务器端口 管理员帐号 密码 目标.txt 输出报告.html
OPENVAS扫描：
apt -y install pcregrep
chmod +x openvas-automate.sh && ./openvas-automate.sh 目标IP
1.2 ) WINDOWS系统篇
1.2.1 网络发现
基本网络发现
C:> net view /all C:> net view 主机名
Ping探测
C:> for /L %I in (1,1,254) do ping -w 30 -n 1 192.168.1.%I | find "回复" >> 输出.txt
1.2.2 DHCP
启用DHCP服务器日志功能：
C:> reg add HKLMSystemCurrentControlSetServicesDhcpServerParameters /v ActivityLogFlag /t REG_DWORD /d 1
默认日志文件目录：
C:> %windir%System32Dhcp
1.2.3 DNS
启用DNS服务器日志功能：
C:> DNSCmd DNS服务器名 /config /logLevel 0x8100F331
配置日志文件目录:
C:> DNSCmd DNS服务器名 /config /LogFilePath C:dns.log
配置日志文件大小:
C:> DNSCmd DNS服务器名 /config /logfilemaxsize 0xffffffff
1.2.4 哈希值
文件校验和完整性验证（FCIV）：
Ref：http://support2.microsoft.com/kb/841290
单个文件:
C:> fciv.exe 文件名
计算C盘所有文件并把结果保存到文件中:
C:> fciv.exe c: -r -sha1 -xml 结果.xml
列出所有hash值:
C:> fciv.exe -list -sha1 -xml 结果.xml
certutil & PowerShell
certutil -hashfile 文件名 SHA1
PS C:> Get-FileHash 文件名 | Format-List
PS C:> Get-FileHash -algorithm md5 文件名
1.2.5 NETBIOS
nbtstat 扫描
C:> nbtstat -A 目标IP地址
NetBIOS缓存
C:> nbtstat -c
批量扫描
C:> for /L %I in (1,1,254) do nbtstat -An 192.168.1.%I
1.2.6 微软基线安全分析器(MBSA)
扫描单个IP
C:> mbsacli.exe /target IP地址 /n os+iis+sql+password
扫描IP地址段
C:> mbsacli.exe /r IP地址段 /n os+iis+sql+password
1.3 ) LINUX系统篇
1.3.1 网络发现
查看开放的SMB共享
smbclient -L 目标主机名
Ping探测
for ip in ip>/dev/null; [ Misplaced &ip UP" || : ; done
1.3.2 DHCP
DHCP日志
RHEL/CentOS cat /var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd. leases Debian/Ubuntu grep -Ei 'dhcp' /var/log/syslog.1
1.3.3 DNS
DNS日志
rndc querylog && tail -f /var/log/messages | grep named
1.3.4 哈希值
计算某目录下所有可执行文件的HASH值
find /sbin -type f -exec md5sum {} >> md5sums.txt ;
md5deep -rs /sbin > md5sums.txt
1.3.5 NETBIOS
nbtstat 扫描
nbtscan 目标IP地址或IP地址段
举例：nbtscan 192.168.1.2-100
2. 安全加固
2.1 ) WINDOWS系统篇
2.1.1 禁用/停止服务
C:> sc query C:> sc config "服务名" start= disabled C:> sc stop "服务名" C:> wmic service where name="服务名" call ChangeStartmode Disabled
2.1.2 防火墙管理
列出所有规则:
C:> netsh advfirewall firewall show rule name=all
启用或禁用防火墙:
C:> netsh advfirewall set currentprofile state on C:> netsh advfirewall set currentprofile firewallpolicy blockinboundalways,allowoutbound C:> netsh advfirewall set publicprofile state on C:> netsh advfirewall set privateprofile state on C:> netsh advfirewall set domainprofile state on C:> netsh advfirewall set allprofile state on C:> netsh advfirewall set allprof ile state off
配置举例：
netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="开放TCP:80端口" dir=in action=allow protocol=TCP localport=80 netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="开放TCP:443端口" dir=in action=allow protocol=TCP localport=443 netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="屏蔽TCP:445端口" dir=in action=block protocol=TCP localport=445 netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="允许MyApp" dir=in action=allow program="C:MyAppMyApp.exe" enable=yes
2.1.3 清除DNS缓存和Netios缓存
C:> ipconfig /flushdns
C:> nbtstat -R
2.1.4 应用控制
AppLocker配置
导入Applocker模块 PS C:> import-module Applocker 查看system32目录下所有exe文件的Applocker信息 PS C:> Get-ApplockerFileinformation -Directory C:WindowsSystem32 -Recurse -FileType Exe 增加一条针对system32目录下所有的exe文件的允许规则 PS C:> Get-Childitem C:WindowsSystem32*,exe | Get-ApplockerFileinformation | New-ApplockerPolicy -RuleType Publisher, Hash -User Everyone -RuleNamePrefix System32
2.1.5 IPSEC
1.）使用预共享密钥的方式新建一条IPSEC本地安全策略，应用到所有连接和协议
C:> netsh ipsec static add filter filterlist=MyIPsecFilter srcaddr=Any dstaddr=Any protocol=ANY C:> netsh ipsec static add filteraction name=MyIPsecAction action=negotiate C:> netsh ipsec static add policy name=MyIPsecPolicy assign=yes C:> netsh ipsec static add rule name=MyIPsecRule policy=MyIPsecPolicy filterlist=MyIPsecFilter filteraction=MyIPsecAction conntype=all activate=yes psk=密码
2.）新建一条允许访问外网TCP 80和443端口的IPSEC策略
C:> netsh ipsec static add filteraction name=Allow action=permit C:> netsh ipsec static add filter filterlist=WebFilter srcaddr=Any dstaddr=Any protocol=TCP dstport=80 C:> netsh ipsec static add filter filterlist=WebFilter srcaddr=Any dstaddr=Any protocol=TCP dstport=443 C:> netsh ipsec static add rule name=WebAllow policy=MyIPsecPolicy filterlist=WebFilter filteraction=Allow conntype=all activate=yes psk=密码
3.）查看和禁用某条IPSEC本地安全策略
C:> netsh ipsec static show policy name=MyIPsecPolicy C:> netsh ipsec static set policy name=MyIPsecPolicy assign=no
新建一条IPSEC对应的防火墙规则，源地址和目的地址为any
C:> netsh advfirewall consec add rule name="IPSEC" endpointl=any endpoint2=any action=requireinrequireout qmsecmethods=default
新建一条IPSEC对应的防火墙规则，所有出站请求必须提供预共享密钥
C:> netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="IPSEC_Out" dir=out action=allow enable=yes profile=any localip=any remoteip=any protocol=any interfacetype=any security=authenticate
2.1.6 其他安全策略
禁用远程桌面连接
C:> reg add "HKLMSYSTEMCurrentControlSetControlTerminalServer" /f /v fDenyTSConnections /t REG_DWORD /d 1
只发送NTLMv2响应（防止“永恒之蓝”漏洞攻击）
C:> reg add HKLMSYSTEMCurrentControlSetControlLsa /v lmcompatibilitylevel /t REG_DWORD /d 5 /f
禁用IPV6
C:> reg add HKLMSYSTEMCurrentControlSetservicesTCPIP6Parameters /v DisabledComponents /t REG_DWORD /d 255 /f
禁用sticky键
C:> reg add "HKCUControlPanelAccessibilityStickyKeys" /v Flags /t REG_SZ /d 506 /f
禁用管理共享（Servers/Workstations）
C:> reg add HKLMSYSTEMCurrentControlSetServicesLanmanServerParameters /f /v AutoShareServer /t REG_DWORD /d 0 C:> reg add HKLMSYSTEMCurrentControlSetServicesLanmanServerParameters /f /v AutoShareWks /t REG_DWORD /d 0
禁用注册表编辑器和CMD命令提示符
C:> reg add HKCUSoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionPoliciesSystem /v DisableRegistryTools /t REG_DWORD /d 1 /f C:> reg add HKCUSoftwarePoliciesMicrosoftWindowsSystem /v DisableCMD /t REG_DWORD /d 1 /f
启用UAC
C:> reg add HKLMSOFTWAREMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionPoliciesSystem /v EnableLUA /t REG_DWORD /d 1 /f
启用防火墙日志
C:> netsh firewall set logging droppedpackets = enable C:> netsh firewall set logging connections = enable
2.2 ) LINUX系统篇
2.2.1 服务管理
查看服务状态
service --status-all ps -ef OR ps -aux initctl list systemctl list-unit-files
启动，停止和禁用服务
For Upstart services:
/etc/init.d/apache2 start | stop | status service apache2 start | stop | status update-rc.d apache2 disable
For Systemd services:
systemctl start | stop | status ntp.service systemctl disable sshd.service
2.2.2 防火墙管理
iptables 常用操作：
iptables-save > filewall_rules.bak # 导出当前规则 iptables -vnL --line # 列出所有规则 iptables -S # 同上 iptables -P INPUT DROP # 默认策略，禁止所有连接 iptables -A INPUT -s 10.10.10.10 -j DROP # 禁止单个IP iptables -A INPUT -s 10,10.10.0/24 -j DROP # 禁止一个网段 iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport ssh -s 10.10.10.10 -j DROP # 禁止某IP访问本机SSH服务 iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport ssh -j DROP # 禁止访问本机SSH服务 iptables -I INPUT 5 -m limit --limit 5/min -j LOG --log-prefix " iptables denied: " --log-level 7 # 启用日志 iptables -F # 清除所有已加载的工作
2.2.3 DNS缓存
Unix/Linux系统没有系统级别DNS缓存
2.2.4 配置IPSEC
在两台服务器之间建立IPSEC通道
1.）添加防火墙规则允许IPSEC协议
iptables -A INPUT -p esp -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p ah -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p udp --dport 500 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p udp --dport 4500 -j ACCEPT
安装Racoon
apt -y install racoon
2.）编辑配置文件：/etc/ipsec-tools.conf
flush;
spdflush;
spdadd 主机A的IP地址 主机B的IP地址 any -P out ipsec
esp/transport//require;
spdadd 主机B的IP地址 主机A的IP地址 any -P in ipsec
esp/transport//require;
3.）编辑配置文件：/etc/racoon/racoon.conf
log notify;
path pre_shared_key "/etc/racoon/psk.txt";
path certificate "/etc/racoon/certs";
remote anonymous {
exchange_mode main,aggressive;proposal { encryption_algorithm aes_256; hash_algorithm sha256; authentication_method
pre_shared_key;
dh_group modp1024;
}
generate_policy off;
}
sainfo anonymous{
pfs_group 2;encryption_algorithm aes_256;authentication_algorithm hmac_sha256;compression_algorithm deflate;
}
4.）添加预共享密钥
主机A：echo 主机B 123 >> /etc/racoon/psk.txt
主机B：echo 主机A 123 >> /etc/racoon/psk.txt
5.）重启服务，检查协商及配置策略
service setkey restart
setkey -D
setkey -DP
3. 检测（Visibility）
3.1 ) 网络安全监控
3.1.1 数据包捕捉与分析
1.）TCPDUMP
tcpdump -tttt -n -vv # 打印时戳、不进行名称解析及verbose方式显示
tcpdump -nn -c 1000 | awk '{print $3}' | cut -d. -f1-4 | sort -n | uniq -c | sort -nr # 捕捉1000个数据包，找出Top talkers
tcpdump -w target.pcap -i any dst targetIP and port 80 # 在所有接口上捕捉目标IP为：targetIP且端口为80的数据包并写入target.pcap文件
tcpdump host 10.0.0.1 && host 10.0.0.2 # 捕捉两个主机之间的数据包
tcpdump not net 10.10 && not host 192.168.1.2 #检视非10.10网段及非192.168.1.2主机的数据包
tcpdump host 10.10.10.10 && (10.10.10.20 or 10.10.10.30) # 检视主机A和主机B或C的数据包
tcpdump -n -s0 -C 100 -w 001.pcap # 轮询，文件大小超过100M后自动创建新文件
tcpdump -w - | ssh ServerIP -p 50005 "cat - > /tmp/remotecapture.pcap" # 保存捕获的数据包到远程服务器上的/tmp/remotecapture.pcap文件
tcpdump -n -A -s0 port http or port ftp or port smtp or port imap or port pop3 | egrep -i 'pass=|pwd=|log=|login=|user=|username=|pw=|passw=|Passwd=|password=|pass:|user:|username:|password:|login:|pass|user' --color=auto --line-buffered -B20 # 抓取明文密码
tcpdump -s 1500 -A '(tcp[((tcp[12:1] & 0xf0) >> 2)+5:1] = 0x01) and (tcp[((tcp[12:1] & 0xf0) >> 2):1] = 0x16)' #查找自签名证书
2.）TSHARK
tshark -nr 001.pcap -Y "ssl.handshake.ciphersuites" -Vx | grep "ServerName:" | sort | uniq -c | sort -r # 提取证书Server Name字段
tshark -D # 列出所有接口
tshark -i eth0 -i eth1 # 监听多个接口
tshark -nn -w 001.pcap # 禁用名称解析并保存到文件
tshark arp or icmp # 捕捉arp或者icmp
tshark "host 主机A && host 主机B" # 捕捉两个主机之间的数据包
tshark -r 001.pcap # 对已保存的数据包进行分析
tshark -n -e ip.src -e ip.dst -T fields -E separator=, -2 -R ip -r 001.pcap # 提取源/目的IP地址
tshark -n -e ip.src -e dns,qry.name -E separator=';' -T fields port 53 # 提取DNS查询的源IP及DNS查询的域名
tshark -2 -R http.request -T fields -E separator=';' -e http.host -e http.request.uri -r 001.pcap # 提取HTTP请求中的host参数和请求uri
tshark -n -c 150 I awk '{print $4}' I sort -n | uniq -c | sort -nr # 提取top talkers
tshark -q -z io,phs -r 001.pcap # 协议统计tshark -n -c 100 -e ip.src -Y "dns.flags.response eq 1" -T fields port 53 # 提取响应的DNS服务器地址
tshark -n -e http.request.uri -Y http.request -T fields | grep exe # 提取通过http下载exe可执行文件的数据包
3.）SNORT
snort -T -c /etc/snort/snort.conf # 测试配置文件配置 snort -dv -r 001.log # 分析数据包 snort -dvr 001.log icmp # 取icmp数据包 snort -K ascii -l 001 # 抓包，ASCII格式显示 snort -q -A console -i eth0 -c /etc/snort/snort.conf # 在终端打印 snort eventsecho 'log tcp 192.168.1.0/24 any -> 192.168.1.95 22 ( msg: "ssh access" ; sid:1618008; )' > 001.rule && snort -T -c 001.rule # 规则测试 mkdir logs && snort -vd -c 001.rule -r 001.pcap -A console -l logs # 执行规则
4.）Bro NSM
apt -y install bro bro-aux pip install bro-pkg bro-pkg install bro/hosom/file-extraction wget https://www.malware-traffic-analysis.net/2018/01/12/2018-01-12-NanoCore-RAT-traffic.pcap.zip wget https://www.bro.org/static/exchange-2013/faf-exercise.pcap bro -r 2018-01-12-NanoCore-RAT-traffic.pcap # 从pcap文件中读取数据并创建相关日志文件 bro -r faf-exercise.pcap /root/.bro-pkg/scratch/file-extraction/scripts/plugins/extract-pe.bro && ls -lhct ./extract_files/ # 提取exe文件 bro -r faf-exercise.pcap /usr/share/bro/policy/frameworks/files/extract-all-files.bro # 提取多个类型的文件 bro -C -r faf-exercise.pcap && cat ssl.log | bro-cut server_name , subject , issuer # 提取证书中的server_name,issuer和subjects字段 cat conn.log | bro-cut id.orig_h , id.orig_p , id.resp_h , id.resp_p , proto , conn_state # 提取源IP，源端口，目的IP，目的端口，协议类型，tcp标记 cat dns.log | bro-cut query | sort -u # 提取DNS查询namecat http.log | bro-cut id.orig_h , id.orig_p , id.resp_h , id.resp_p , host , uri , referrer # 提取源IP，源端口，目的IP，目的端口，host，uri，referrer字段 cat http.log | bro-cut user_agent | sort -u # 提取user_agent字段
5.）EDITCAP
editcap -F pcap -c 1000 orignal.pcap out_split.pcap # 以1000为单位进行分割 editcap -F pcap -t+3600 orignal.pcap out_split.pcap # 以1小时为单位进行分割
6.）MERGECAP
mergecap -w merged_cap.pcap capl.pcap cap2.pcap cap3.pcap # 合并多个文件
7.）PacketTotal
https://www.packettotal.com/app/analysis?id=c8c11b792272ac19a49299a3687466be&name=files
8.）NetworkMiner
“
3.2 ) 蜜罐技术
3.2.1 WINDOWS系统篇
1.）端口蜜罐
原理：监听一些端口，客户端成功建立TCP连接后，记录访问日志，然后添加防火墙规则封禁此IP
PS C:> certutil.exe -urlcache -split -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Pwdrkeg/honeyport/master/honeyport.ps1 PS C:> .honeyport.ps1 -Ports 4444,22,21,23 -WhiteList 192.168.10.1,192.168.10.2 -Block $true -Verbose PS C:> Get-EventLog HoneyPort # 查看日志信息 PS C:> stop-job -name HoneyPort # 停止任务 PS C:> remove-job -name HoneyPort # 移除任务
3.2.2 LINUX系统篇
1.）端口蜜罐
原理同上
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gchetrick/honeyports/master/honeyports-0.5.pypython honeyports-0.5.py -p 1234 -h 192.168.1.100 -D
3.3 ) (PASSIVE)监控DNS解析
apt -y install dnstop dnstop -l 3 eth0 dnstop -l 3 001.pcap | out.txt
3.4 ) 日志审计
1.）WINDOWS
增加日志文件大小进行日志审计
C:> reg add HKLMSoftwarePoliciesMicrosoftWindowsEventlogApplication /v MaxSize /t REG_DWORD /d 0x19000 C:> reg add HKLMSoftwarePoliciesMicrosoftWindowsEventlogSecurity /v MaxSize /t REG_DWORD /d 0x64000 C:> reg add HKLMSoftwarePoliciesMicrosoftWindowsEventLogSystem /v MaxSize /t REG_DWORD /d 0x19000
查看Windows事件日志-安全日志的配置
C:> wevtutil gl Security
检查审核策略
auditpol /get /category:*
对所有项启用成功和失败的审核策略
C:> auditpol /set /category:* /success:enable /failure:enable
查看已配置的事件日志的概要信息
PS C:> Get-Eventlog -list
取最近5条应用程序日志
PS C:> Get-Eventlog -newest 5 -logname application | Format-List
取Eent ID：4672的所有日志
PS C:> Get-Eventlog Security | ? { $_.Eventid -eq 4672}
登录与注销事件
PS C:> Get-Eventlog Security
4625,4634,4647,4624,4625,4648,4675,6272,6273,6274,6275,6276,6277,6278,6279,6280,4649,4778,4779,4800,4801,4802,4803,5378,5632,5633,4964 -after ((get-date).addDays(-1))
DPAPI行为，进程终止，RPC事件
PS C:> Get-EventLog Security 4692,4693,4694,4695,4689,5712 -after ((get-date).addDays(-1))
文件共享，文件系统，SAM，注册表，证书时间
PS C: Get-EventLog Security
4671,4691,4698,4699,4700,4701,4702,5148,5149,5888,5889,5890,4657,5039,4659,4660,4661,4663,4656,4658,4690,4874,4875,4880,4881,4882,4884,4885,4888,4890,4891,4892,4895,4896,4898,5145,5140,5142,5143,5144,5168,5140,5142,5143,5144,5168,5140,5142,5143,5144,5168,4664,4985,5152,5153,5031,5140,5150,5151,5154,5155,5156,5157,5158,5159 -after ((get-date).addDays(-1))
查看Eent ID：4672的详细信息
Get-Eventlog Security | ? { $_.Eventid -eq 4672} | Format-List
2.）LINUX
认证日志
tail /var/log/auth. log grep -i "fail" /var/log/auth. log tail /var/log/secure grep -i "fail" /var/log/secure
samba，cron,sudo相关日志
grep -i samba /var/log/syslog grep -i samba /var/log/messages grep -i cron /var/log/syslog grep -i sudo /var/log/auth. log grep -i sudo /var/log/secure
Apache 404错误日志
grep 404 apache.log | grep -v -E "favicon.ico|robots.txt"
监控新文件，5分钟刷新一次
watch -n 300 -d ls -lR /web_root
响应（取证）
4.1 ) LIVE TRIAGE（收集运行时系统信息）
4.1.1 WINDOWS系统篇
1.）系统信息
C:> echo %DATE% %TIME% C:> hostname C:> systeminfo C:> systeminfo | findstr /B /C:"OS Name" /C:"OS Version" C:> wmic csproduct get name C:> wmic bios get serialnumber C:> wmic computersystem list brief C:> psinfo -accepteula -s -h -d
2.）用户信息
C:> whoamiC:> net users C:> net localgroup administrators C:> net group administrators C:> wmic rdtoggle list C:> wmic useraccount list C:> wmic group list C:> wmic netlogin get name,lastlogon,badpasswordcount C:> wmic netclient list brief C:> doskey /history > history.txt
3.）网络信息
C:> netstat -e C:> netstat -naob C:> netstat -nr C:> netstat -vb C:> nbtstat -s C:> route print C:> arp -a C:> ipconfig /displaydns C:> netsh winhttp show proxy C:> ipconfig /allcompartments /all C:> netsh wlan show interfaces C:> netsh wlan show all C:> reg query "HKLMSOFTWAREMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionInternet SettingsConnectionsWinHttpSettings" C:> type %SYSTEMROOT%system32driversetchosts C:> wmic nicconfig get descriptions,IPaddress,MACaddress C:> wmic netuse get name,username,connectiontype, localname
4.）服务信息
C:> at
C:> tasklist
C:> tasklist /svc
C:> tasklist /SVC /fi "imagename eq svchost.exe"
C:> tasklist /SVC /fi "imagename eq svchost.exe"
C:> schtasks
C:> net start
C:> sc query
C:> wmic service list brief | findstr "Running"
C:> wmic service list conf ig
C:> wmic process list brief
C:> wmic process list status
C:> wmic process list memory
C:> wmic job list briefPS
C:> Get-Service | Where-Object { $_.Status -eq "running" }
5.）策略、补丁、环境变量信息
C:> set C:> gpresult /r C:> gpresult /z > output.txt C:> gpresult /H report.html /F C:> wmic qfe
6.）自启动信息
C:> wmic startup list full C:> wmic ntdomain list brief
6.1）检查自启动文件目录
C:> dir "%SystemDrive%ProgramDataMicrosoftWindowsStart MenuProgramsStartup" C:> dir "%SystemDrive%Documents and SettingsAll UsersStart MenuProgramsStartup" C:> dir %userprofile%Start MenuProgramsStartup C:> %ProgramFiles%Startup C:> dir C:WindowsStart MenuProgramsstartup C:> dir "C:Users%username%AppDataRoamingMicrosoftWindowsStart MenuProgramsStartup" C:> dir "C:ProgramDataMicrosoftWindowsStart MenuProgramsStartup" C:> dir "%APPDATA%MicrosoftWindowsStart MenuProgramsStartup" C:> dir "%ALLUSERSPROFILE%MicrosoftWindowsStart MenuProgramsStartup" C:> dir "%ALLUSERSPROFILE%Start MenuProgramsStartup" C:> type C:Windowswinstart.bat C:> type %windir%wininit.ini C:> type %windir%win.ini C:> type C:Autoexec.bat"
6.2）使用autoruns
C:> autorunsc -accepteula -m
6.3）自启动注册表位置
HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT:
C:> reg query HKCRComfileShellOpenCommand C:> reg query HKCRBatfileShellOpenCommand C:> reg query HKCRhtafileShellOpenCommand C:> reg query HKCRExefileShellOpenCommand C:> reg query HKCRExefilesShellOpenCommand C:> reg query HKCRpiffileshellopencommand
HKEY_CURRENT_USERS:
C:> reg query "HKCUControl PanelDesktop" C:> reg query "HKCUSoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionPoliciesExplorerRun" C:> reg query "HKCUSoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionRun" C:> reg query "HKCUSoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionRunonce" C:> reg query "HKCUSoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionRunOnceEx" C:> reg query "HKCUSoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionRunServices" C:> reg query "HKCUSoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionRunServicesOnce" C:> reg query "HKCUSoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionWindowsRun" C:> reg query "HKCUSoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionWindowsLoad" C:> reg query "HKCUSoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionWindowsScripts" C:> reg query "HKCUSoftwareMicrosoftWindowsNTCurrentVersionWindows" /f run C:> reg query "HKCUSoftwareMicrosoftWindowsNTCurrentVersionWindows" /f load C:> reg query "HKCUSoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionPoliciesExplorerRun" C:> reg query "HKCUSoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionExplorerRecentDocs" C:> reg query "HKCUSoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionExplorerComDlg32LastVisitedMRU" C:> reg query "HKCUSoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionExplorerComD1g32OpenSaveMRU" C:> reg query "HKCUSoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionExplorerComDlg32LastVisitedPidlMRU" C:> reg query "HKCUSoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionExplorerComD1g32OpenSavePidlMRU" /s C:> reg query "HKCUSoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionExplorerRunMRU" C:> reg query "HKCUSoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionExplorerShell Folders" C:> reg query "HKCUSoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionExplorerUser Shell Folders" C:> reg query "HKCUSoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionAppletsRegEdit" /v LastKey C:> reg query "HKCUSoftwareMicrosoftInternetExplorer" TypedURLs C:> reg query "HKCUSoftwarePoliciesMicrosoftWindowsControlPanelDesktop"HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE: C:> reg query "HKLMSOFTWAREMicrosoftActive SetupInstalled Components" /s C:> reg query "HKLMSOFTWAREMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionexplorerUser Shell Folders" C:> reg query "HKLMSOFTWAREMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionexplorerShell Folders" C:> reg query "HKLMSoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionexplorerShellExecuteHooks" C:> reg query "HKLMSOFTWAREMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionExplorerBrowser Helper Objects" /s C:> reg query "HKLMSOFTWAREMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionPoliciesExplorerRun" C:> reg query "HKLMSOFTWAREMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionRun" C:> reg query "HKLMSOFTWAREMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionRunonce" C:> reg query "HKLMSOFTWAREMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionRunOnceEx" C:> reg query "HKLMSOFTWAREMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionRunServices" C:> reg query "HKLMSOFTWAREMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionRunServicesOnce" C:> reg query "HKLMSOFTWAREMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionWinlogonUserinit" C:> reg query "HKLMSOFTWAREMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionshellServiceObjectDelayLoad" C:> reg query "HKLMSOFTWAREMicrosoftWindowsNTCurrentVersionScheduleTaskCacheTasks" /s C:> reg query "HKLMSOFTWAREMicrosoftWindowsNTCurrentVersionWindows" C:> reg query "HKLMSOFTWAREMicrosoftWindowsNTCurrentVersionWindows" /f Appinit_DLLs C:> reg query "HKLMSOFTWAREMicrosoftWindowsNTCurrentVersionWinlogon" /f Shell C:> reg query "HKLMSOFTWAREMic rosoftWindowsNTCurrentVersionWinlogon" /f Userinit C:> reg query "HKLMSOFTWAREPoliciesMicrosoftWindowsSysternScripts" C:> reg query "HKLMSOFTWAREClassesbatfileshellopencornrnand" C:> reg query "HKLMSOFTWAREClassescornfileshellopencornrnand" C:> reg query "HKLMSOFTWAREClassesexefileshellopencommand" C:> reg query "HKLMSOFTWAREClasseshtafileShellOpenCommand" C:> reg query "HKLMSOFTWAREClassespiffileshellopencommand" C:> reg query "HKLMSOFTWAREWow6432NodeMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionExplorerBrowser Helper Objects" /s C:> reg query "HKLMSYSTEMCurrentControlSetControlSessionManager" C:> reg query "HKLMSYSTEMCurrentControlSetControlSessionManagerKnownDLLs" C:> reg query "HKLMSYSTEMControlSet001ControlSessionManagerKnownDLLs"
7.）取日志文件
C:> wevtutil epl Security C:bakSecurity-logs.evtx C:> wevtutil epl System C:bakSystem-logs.evtx C:> wevtutil epl Application C:bakApplication-logs.evtx
8.）文件、目录、共享信息
C:> net use 目标IP C:> net share C:> net session C:> wmic volume list brief C:> wmic logicaldisk get description,filesystem,name,size C:> wmic share get name,path
查找多个类型的文件或某个文件
C:> dir /A /S /T:A *.exe *.dll *.bat *.PS1 *.zip C:> dir /A /S /T:A evil.exe
查找2017/1/1之后创建的文件
C:> forfiles /p C: /M *.exe /S /D +2017/1/1 /C "cmd /c echo @fdate @ftime @path" C:> for %G in (.exe, .dll, .bat, .ps) do forfiles -p "C:" -m *%G -s -d +2017/1/1 -c "cmd /c echo @fdate @ftime @path"
查找文件大小>20MB的文件
forfiles /S /M * /C "cmd /c if @fsize GEQ 2097152 echo @path @fsize"
在Alternate Data Streams中查找文件
C:> streams -s 文件或目录
检查数字签名，vt扫描
C:> sigcheck -e -u -vr -s C: C:> listdlls.exe -u# 扫描病毒 C:> "C:Program FilesWindows DefenderMpCmdRun.exe" -SignatureUpdate C:> "C:Program FilesWindows DefenderMpCmdRun.exe" -Scan
4.2 ) LIVE TRIAGE（收集运行时系统信息）
4.2.1 LINUX篇
1.）系统信息
uname -a uptime timedatectl mount
2.）用户信息
w lastlog last faillog -a cat /etc/passwd cat /etc/shadow cat /etc/group cat /etc/sudoers
查找UID为0的用户
awk -F: '($3 == "0") {print}' /etc/passwd
egrep ':0+' /etc/passwd
cat /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
lsof -u root
cat /root/.bash_history
3.）网络信息
查看网络接口
ifconfig OR ip a l
查看监听端口
netstat -tupnl
查看网络连接
netstat -tupnlanetstat -tupnlax
路由信息
route OR netstat -r OR ip r l
ARP表
arp -ne
监听端口的进程
lsof -i
4.）服务信息
列出所有进程
ps aux OR ps -ef
已加载内核模块
lsmod
打开的文件
lsof lsof -c sshd lsof -p PID lsof -nPi | cut -f1 -d" " | uniq | tail -n +2
监控日志
less +F /var/log/messages tail -F /var/log/messages journalctl -u ssh.service -f
列出所有服务
chkconfig --list systemctl list-units
5.）策略、补丁、环境变量信息
检查pam.d目录相关文件
cat /etc/pam.d/common*
自启动信息 – 计划任务
crontab -l crontab -u root -l cat /etc/crontab ls /etc/cron,*
6.）命令历史
cat /root/.*history
7.）文件、目录、共享信息
df -ah ls -lhcta /etc/init.d/ stat -x filenamefile filename
特殊属性文件
lsattr -R / | grep "-i-"
全局可写文件
find / -xdev -type d ( -perm -0002 -a ! -perm -1000 ) -print
某时间点之后新建的文件
find / -newermt 2018-01-22q
打印文件的所有属性信息
find /labs -printf "%m;%Ax;%AT;%Tx;%TT;%Cx;%CT;%U;%G;%s;%pn"
查看文件的元数据stat 文件名
8.) 简单基线检查
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pentestmonkey/unix-privesc-check/1_x/unix-privesc-check && ./unix-privesc-check > output.txt
9.) 检测rootkit
chkrootkit rkhunter --update && rkhunter -check tiger && less /var/log/tiger/security.report.* lynis && lynis audit system && more /var/logs/lynis. log
10.) Fastir Collector Linux，收集artefacts，包括：内核版本、内核模块、网卡、系统版本、主机名、登录、网络连接、SSH know_host、日志文件、进程数据、自启动等信息
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/SekoiaLab/Fastir_Collector_Linux/master/fastIR_collector_linux.py
python fastIR_collector_linux.py –debug –output_dir output
11.) Sysdig and Sysdig Falco 行为监控
观察root用户查看过的目录
sysdig -p"%evt.arg.path" "evt.type=chdir and user.name=root"
观察SSHD行为
sysdig -A -c echo_fds fd.name=/dev/ptmx and proc.name=sshd
id为5459的登录shell执行过的所有命令
sysdig -r trace.scap.gz -c spy_users proc.loginshellid=5459
安装，启动falco
curl -s https://s3.amazonaws.com/download.draios.com/DRAIOS-GPG-KEY.public | apt-key add -curl -s -o /etc/apt/sources.list.d/draios.list http://download.draios.com/stable/deb/draios.list sudo apt update apt -y install falco modprobe sysdig-probe service falco start falco
4.3 ) 病毒样本分析
静态分析
挂载Sysinternals工具集
live.sysinternals.comtools
检查数字签名
C:> sigcheck.exe -u -e C:malware C:> sigcheck.exe -vt malware.exe
16机制和ASCII方式查看PE文件
hexdump -C -n 500 malware.exe od -x mailware.exe xxd malware.exe strings -a malware.exe | more
内存镜像分析
python vol.py -f malware_memory_dump.raw -profile=Win7SPFix64 malfind -D /output python vol.py -f malware_memory_dump.raw -profile=Win7SPFix64 malfind -p PID -D /output python vol.py -f malware_memory_dump.raw -profile=Win7SPFix64 pslist python vol.py -f malware_memory_dump.raw -profile=Win7SPFix64 pstree python vol.py -f malware_memory_dump.raw -profile=Win7SPFix64 dlllist python vol.py -f malware_memory_dump.raw -profile=Win7SPFix64 dlldump -D /output
HASH分析
curl -v --request POST --url https://www.virustotal.com/vtapi/v2/file/report' -d apikey=VT API KEY -d 'resource=样本文件hash' curl -v -F 'file=malware.exe' -F apikey=VT API KEY>https://www.virustotal.com/vtapi/v2/file/scanwhois -h hash,cymru.com 样本文件hash
获取磁盘和内存镜像
WINDOWS
C:> psexec.exe IP -u <DOMAIN>administrator -p 123 -c mdd_l.3.exe --o C:memory.dmp C:> dc3dd.exe if=.c: of=d:diskiamge.dd hash=md5 log=d:output.log
LINUX
dd if=/dev/fmem of=/tmp/mem_dump.dd
使用LiME
get https://github.com/504ensicslabs/LiME/archive/master.zip unzip master.zip cd LiME-master/src make cp lime-*.ko /media/USB/ insmod lime-3.13.0-79-generic.ko "path=/media/USB/mem_dump.lime format= raw"
从内存中拷贝PE文件
cp /proc/进程ID/exe /output
创建进程core dump
gcore 进程ID strings -a gcore.* | more dd if=/dev/sda of=/root/sda.dd dd if=/dev/sda | ssh [email protected] "dd of=/root/sda.dd"
通过netcat传送接收镜像文件
bzip2 -c /dev/sda | nc 8.8.8.8 53 nc -p 53 -l | bzip2 -d | dd of=/root/sda.dd
5. 常用技巧（TIPS & TRICKS）
5.1 ) 技巧
5.1.1 WINDOWS系统篇
将命令结果通过管道输出到粘帖板，然后将粘帖板的内容重定向到文件
C:> some_command.exe | clip
PS C:> Get-Clipboard > clip.txt
检查注册表某路径是否存在
PS C:> Test-Path "HKCU:SoftwareMicrosoft123"
可靠文件复制
robocopy c:src 目标计算机dst /E
检查某目录是否存在ps1,vbs扩展的文件
PS C:> Test-Path C:ScriptsArchive* -include *.ps1, *.vbs
合并多个文件
C:> type 1.txt 2.txt > output.txt
多个桌面窗口（Desktops）
C:>"%ProgramFiles%Internet Exploreriexplore.exe" https://live.sysinternals.com/desktops.exe
在远程计算机执行命令
C:> psexec.exe 远程计算机 -u admin -p 123 /c c:123.exe
PS C:> Invoke-Command -远程计算机 { ls }
比较两个文件的差异
PS C:> Compare-Object (-Content 1.log) -DifferenceObject (Get-Content 2.log)
进制转换与编码
C:> set /a 0xff
PS C:> 0xff
C:> certutil -decode BASE64编码文件 output.file
解码XOR，搜索关键字：http
C:> xorsearch.exe -i -s input.file http
5.1.2 LINUX系统篇
通过ssh在远程服务器上抓包
ssh [email protected] tcpdump -i any -U -s 0 -w – 'not port 22'
5.2 ) SNORT
SNORT规则检测Meterpreter
Snort rules by Didier Stevens (http://DidierStevens.com)
alert tcp HOME_NET any -> EXTERNAL_NET HTTP_PORTS (msg:"Metasploit Meterpreter"; flow:to_server,established; content:"RECV"; http_client_body; depth:4; fast_pattern; isdataat:!0,relative; urilen:23<>24,norm; content:"POST"; pcre:"/^/[a-z0-9]{4,5}_[a-z0-9]{16}//Ui"; classtype:trojan-activity; reference:url,blog.didierstevens.com/2015/05/11/detecting-network-traffic-from-metasploits-meterpreter-reverse-http-module/; sid:1618008; rev:1;)
https://didierstevens.com/files/software/snort-rules-V0_0_1.zip
SNORT规则检测PSEXEC
alert tcp HOME_NET any -> HOME_NET [139,445] (msg:"POLICY-OTHER use of psexec remote administration tool"; flow:to_server,established; content:"|FF|SMB|A2|"; depth:5; offset:4; content:"|5C 00|p|00|s|00|e|00|x|00|e|00|c|00|s|00|v|00|c"; nocase; metadata:service netbios-ssn; reference:url,technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb897553.aspx; classtype:policy-violation; sid:24008; rev:1;) alert tcp HOME_NET any -> HOME_NET [139,445] (msg:"POLICY-OTHER use of psexec remote administration tool SMBv2"; flow:to_server,established; content:"|FE|SMB"; depth:8; nocase; content:"|05 00|"; within:2; distance:8; content:"P|00|S||E|00|X|00|E|00|S|00|V|00|C|00|"; fast_pattern:only; metadata:service netbios-ssn; reference:url,technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb897553.aspx; classtype:policy-violation; sid:30281; rev:1;)
5.3 ) Bro NSM
检测横向渗透
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/richiercyrus/Bro-Scripts/master/detect-mal-smb-files.bro bro -r faf-exercise.pcap detect-mal-smb-files.bro less notice.log
检测勒索软件
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fox-it/bro-scripts/master/smb-ransomware/smb-ransomware.bro bro -r faf-exercise.pcap smb-ransomware.bro
5.4 ) 检测DOS/DDOS
检测攻击类型SYN Flood，ICMP Flood，UDP Flood
tshark -r 001.pcap -q -z io,phs
tshark -c 1000 - -z io,phs
tcpdump -tnr $ | awk -F '.' '{print $1"."$2"."$3"."$4}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -n | tail
tcpdump -qnn "tcp[tcpflags] & (tcp-syn) != 0"
netstat -s
tcpdump -nn not arp and not icmp and not udp
netstat -n | awk '{print $6}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr | head
应用层
tshark -c 10000 -T fields -e http.host | sort | uniq -c | sort -r | head -n 10 tshark -r capture6 -T fields -e http.request.full_uri | sort | uniq -c | sort -r | head -n 10c tcpdump -n 'tcp[32:4] = 0x47455420' | cut -f 7- -d":"
查找http请求中包含：GIF,ZIP,JPEG,PDF,PNG扩展的数据包
tshark -Y "http contains "ff:d8"" || "http contains "GIF89a"" || "http contains "x50x4Bx03x04"" || "http contains "xffxd8"" || "http contains "%PDF"" || "http contains "x89x50x4Ex47"" 取'user-agent'和refer字段 tcpdump -c 1000 -Ann I grep -Ei 'user-agent' | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr | head -10 tcpdump -i en0 -A -s 500 | grep -i refer
第二层攻击
tcpdump 'arp or icmp'
tcpdump -tnr 001.pcap ARP | awk -F '.' '{print 1"."2"."3"."4}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -n | tail
tshark -r 001.pcap -q -z io,phs | grep arp.duplicate-address-detected
5.5 ) 兵器谱
6.4.1） KALI 渗透测试发行版
https://www.kali.org
6.4.2）SIFT SANS 取证工具箱
http://sift.readthedocs.org/
6.4.3）REMNUX 软件逆向和病毒分析发行版
https://remnux.org
6.4.4）OPENVAS
http://www.openvas.org
6.4.5）Security Onion 入侵检测、网络安全监控、日志分析发行版
https://securityonion.net
6.4.6）OSSEC 开源主机入侵检测系统
http://ossec.github.io
文档维护
这个工程将来的更新会放到：https://github.com/Zer0d0y/btfm，欢迎有经验的朋友一起维护！